And I'll come here and throw my 2 cents on the ground.
I for one don't belong to either of your cases. I don't cry and I don't go "boom!". I beat you with a stick and stab you in the back when you least expect it. Yup.
I don't think they're broken, but I do think that their power level is not in par with how Magic has developed.
You will never see this, for example:
Blue Instant (1U)
Instant
Draw 2 cards.
Why? Because it has become standard that 2 cards, fair and square, are worth 3U at Instant, and not 1U. Or, otherwise, 2 cards for 2U, but as Sorcery. Anything that does not abide by these now-ingrained standards is bound to be either too weak or overpowered, unless given appropriate modifications.
You will never see this:
Red Instant (R)
Instant
Red Instant deals 4 damage to target creature or player.
Why? Because the standard is 2 damage for a single R, at Instant speed (aka, Shock). Anything different needs to have other advantages/disadvantages. Otherwise, you run to the same issue: either too weak or too powerful.
Red Instant Two (1R)
Instant
Red Instant Two deals 2 damage to target creature or player.
This is weak. Why? Because the standard is 2 damage for 1R at Instant speed must have some other advantages. Otherwise, the card is underpowered.
There are cases in which such distinctions become more blurry, admittedly, though in the cases that you mention, such as that of Lightning Bolt...well...
Lightning Bolt breaches the standard that has been developed over the years now. These subtle standards, for subtle eyes, by all means, didn't just come on their own and weren't there out of nowhere or in one day. They're the result of a game that has grown more mature and more self-aware, no matter how flawed and, even, uncreative it is at times. You are calling for a paradigm shift. You want the standards to be turned on their head within one set, and not over the course of some time. You want to go from Shock to Lightning Bolt, from Hinder to Counterspell. Such a thing is an immature move should it be WotC who decides it: it would single-handedly deal a good blow to the game
I don’t think the cards are broken by any means, but you are wanting to place these cards in a “core” set – i.e, a wishful 9th Edition, which arises all of these issues.
If you notice, all of the cards you have on your list are as old as the game itself…and most of them have been for long out of the loop…for good evolutionary and mature reasons, might I add. The fact that these cards are that old means that they are fundamentally not in par with current power standards. In the cases of the cards you mention, they are much more powerful, though I’m sure you know many cards that are not in par with the current power standards because they are actually weaker.
At the end, maybe…just maybe…there are 2 types of people when it comes to this issue: those who know the maturity of the game, and those who beg for more because they are either new to the game or lack that delicate sight which is by all means required to understand why the cards have become what they are.